Determining Indicators for Future Mobility and Regional Connectivity in Indonesia’s Nusantara Capital City: A Systematic Review

This systematic review identifies Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) for evaluating future mobility and transportation connectivity in Indonesia’s new capital, Ibu Kota Nusantara (IKN). The study focuses on the initial development phase of the Core Government Area, emphasizing the integration of multimodal systems and “smart forest city” concepts.

A systematic literature review was conducted to synthesize indicators across two dimensions: technological drivers (autonomous vehicles, electrification, and Mobility-as-a-Service/MaaS) and physical enablers (public transport and active micromobility). Using a Socio-Technical and CLIOS framework, 36 peer-reviewed studies were synthesized to determine critical mobility metrics.

The study identified 62 KPIs; among technological drivers, policy readiness and ICT integration were the most prevalent research focuses. In the physical enablers dimension, public transport efficiency and pedestrian-cyclist connectivity emerged as the highest-weighted indicators for capital city connectivity.

These findings suggest that for IKN to meet its ambitious public transport targets, policy focus must shift from general fiscal incentives toward localized, fleet-based strategies that prioritize multimodal seamlessness over private vehicle ownership.

Achieving IKN’s vision of a modern, responsive capital depends on the rigorous application of these KPIs to bridge the gap between future mobility technology and physical urban infrastructure.